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- этимология
Что (кто) такое quadratic nonresidue - определение
INTEGER THAT IS A PERFECT SQUARE MODULO SOME INTEGER
Quadratic residues; Quadratic non-residue; Quadratic congruences; Quadratic congruence; Modular square root; Square root modulo n; Square root mod n; Quadratic residuosity; Quadratic nonresidue; Least quadratic non-residue; Quadratic excess
Quadratic residue
In number theory, an integer q is called a quadratic residue modulo n if it is congruent to a perfect square modulo n; i.e.
Quadratic irrational number
MATHEMATICAL CONCEPT
Quadratic surd; Quadratic irrationality; Quadratic Irrational Number; Quadratic irrationalities; Quadratic irrational; Quadratic irrational numbers
In mathematics, a quadratic irrational number (also known as a quadratic irrational, a quadratic irrationality or quadratic surd) is an irrational number that is the solution to some quadratic equation with rational coefficients which is irreducible over the rational numbers.Jörn Steuding, Diophantine Analysis, (2005), Chapman & Hall, p.
Quadratic reciprocity
THEOREM
Law of quadratic reciprocity; Quadratic reciprocity rule; Aureum Theorema; Law of Quadratic Reciprocity; Quadratic reciprocity law; Quadratic reciprocity theorem; Quadratic Reciprocity; Qr theorem
In number theory, the law of quadratic reciprocity is a theorem about modular arithmetic that gives conditions for the solvability of quadratic equations modulo prime numbers. Due to its subtlety, it has many formulations, but the most standard statement is:
Википедия
Quadratic residue
In number theory, an integer q is called a quadratic residue modulo n if it is congruent to a perfect square modulo n; i.e., if there exists an integer x such that:
Otherwise, q is called a quadratic nonresidue modulo n.
Originally an abstract mathematical concept from the branch of number theory known as modular arithmetic, quadratic residues are now used in applications ranging from acoustical engineering to cryptography and the factoring of large numbers.
